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Brain

Modified Sarnat staging

Grades neonatal encephalopathy from the neurological examination (as used in cooling trials): six categories, each normal, moderate or severe.

For education. Check against your unit's guidance and a second clinician before use.

Level of consciousness
Spontaneous activity
Posture
Tone
Primitive reflexes (suck, Moro)
Autonomic system (pupils, heart rate, breathing)

Grade all six categories (0 of 6 done).

How this is calculated

  • Six categories, each graded normal, moderate or severe. Encephalopathy is moderate or severe when 3 or more categories are moderate or severe, or the baby has clinical seizures; severe when 3 or more categories are severe (as in the NICHD cooling trial).

Sources

Checked by NICUlearn, 6 Oct 2026.

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